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The Standardized Usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative (SUSHI) protocol standard (ANSI/NISO Z39.93-2007) defines an automated request and response model for the harvesting of electronic resource usage data utilizing a Web services framework. Built on SOAP, a versioned Web Services Description Language (WSDL), and XML schema with the syntax of the SUSHI protocol, this standard is intended to replace the time-consuming user-mediated collection of usage data reports. SUSHI was designed to be both generalised and extensible, so that it could be used to retrieve a variety of usage reports. An extension designed specifically to work with COUNTER reports is provided with the standard, as these are expected to be the most frequently retrieved usage reports. (Excerpt from this source)

CERIF (Common European Research Information Format) emerged first as a simple standard not unlike a library catalogue card or the present DC (Dublin Core Metadata Standard) and was intended as a data exchange format. It was based on records describing projects, with persons and organisational units as attributes. However, it was soon realised that in practice this CERIF91 standard was inadequate: it was too rigid in format, did not handle repeating groups of information, was not multilingual / multi character set and did not represent in a sufficiently rich way the universe of interest. A new group of experts was convened and CERIF2000 was generated. Its essential features are: (a) it has the concept of objects or entities with attributes such as project, person, organisational unit; (b) it supports n:m relationships between them (and recursively on any of them) using 'linking relations' thus providing rich semantics including roles and time; (c) it is fully internationalised in language and character set; (d) it is extensible without prejudicing the core datamodel thus providing guaranteed interoperability at least at the core level but not precluding even richer intercommunication. It is designed for use both for data exchange (data file transfer) and for heterogeneous distributed query / result environments. With CERIF2004, minor improvements in consistency have been released. With CERIF2006 substantial improvements have been implemented with the model, concerning in particular the introduction of a so-called Semantic Layer, that makes the model flexible and scalable for application in very heterogeneous environments. (Excerpt from this source)

In information technology, big data consists of datasets that grow so large that they become awkward to work with using on-hand database management tools. Difficulties include capture, storage, search, sharing, analytics, and visualizing. This trend continues because of the benefits of working with larger and larger datasets allowing analysts to "spot business trends, prevent diseases, combat crime." Though a moving target, current limits are on the order of terabytes, exabytes and zettabytes of data. Scientists regularly encounter this problem in meteorology, genomics, connectomics, complex physics simulations, biological and environmental research, Internet search, finance and business informatics. Data sets also grow in size because they are increasingly being gathered by ubiquitous information-sensing mobile devices, aerial sensory technologies (remote sensing), software logs, cameras, microphones, Radio-frequency identification readers, wireless sensor networks and so on." Every day, 2.5 quintillion bytes of data are created and 90% of the data in the world today was created within the past two years. (Excerpt from Wikipedia article: Big data)

The SCARLET (Special Collections using Augmented Reality to Enhance Learning and Teaching) project has been working with academics, students and the John Rylands University Library at the University of Manchester to exploit AR to enhance access to their Special Collections with great success (http://teamscarlet.wordpress.com). This project builds on the mixed team approach adopted, and giving two other UK universities the knowledge and skills needed to use Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance access to their collections, by embedding the SCARLET Toolkit. The project works with enthusiastic staff at the University of Sussex and the Craft Study Centre at the University for the Creative Arts to trial the AR Toolkit with two different types of collections (mass observations and visual arts). This results in two case studies of embedding AR in the wider community and further examples of AR applications. (Excerpt from this source)

The Retrieval, Analysis, and Presentation Toolkit for usage of Online Resources (RAPTOR) project was designed to build a free-to-use, open source software toolkit for reporting e-resource usage statistics (from Shibboleth IdPs and EZProxy) in a user-friendly manner suitable for non-technical staff. Given the current economic climate and likelihood of tightening funding, understanding the usage of e-resources is becoming increasingly important as it allows an institution to understand which resources they need to keep subscribing to, and those which they may wish to unsubscribe from (potentially resulting in cost savings). (Excerpt from this source)

Web accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of making websites usable by people of all abilities and disabilities. When sites are correctly designed, developed and edited, all users can have equal access to information and functionality. For example, when a site is coded with semantically meaningful HTML, with textual equivalents provided for images and with links named meaningfully, this helps blind users using text-to-speech software and/or text-to-Braille hardware. When text and images are large and/or enlargable, it is easier for users with poor sight to read and understand the content. When links are underlined (or otherwise differentiated) as well as coloured, this ensures that color blind users will be able to notice them. When clickable links and areas are large, this helps users who cannot control a mouse with precision. When pages are coded so that users can navigate by means of the keyboard alone, or a single switch access device alone, this helps users who cannot use a mouse or even a standard keyboard. When videos are closed captioned or a sign language version is available, deaf and hard of hearing users can understand the video. When flashing effects are avoided or made optional, users prone to seizures caused by these effects are not put at risk. And when content is written in plain language and illustrated with instructional diagrams and animations, users with dyslexia and learning difficulties are better able to understand the content. When sites are correctly built and maintained, all of these users can be accommodated while not impacting on the usability of the site for non-disabled users. (Excerpt from Wikipedia article: BS 8878)

A mobile device (also known as a handheld device, handheld computer or simply handheld) is a pocket-sized computing device, typically having a display screen with touch input and/or a miniature keyboard. In the case of the personal digital assistant (PDA) the input and output are often combined into a touch-screen interface. Smartphones and PDAs are popular amongst those who require the assistance and convenience of certain aspects of a conventional computer, in environments where carrying one would not be practical. Enterprise digital assistants can further extend the available functionality for the business user by offering integrated data capture devices like barcode, RFID and smart card readers. (Excerpt from Wikipedia article: Mobile devices)

euroCRIS is a European organization responsible for publicising work on Current Research Information System (CRIS) systems. It maintains the CERIF standard for CRIS systems. The CERIF standard is maintained by the CERIF Task Group. A Current Research Information System, commonly known as "CRIS", is any information tool dedicated to provide access to and disseminate research information, such as People, Projects, Organizations, Results (publications, patents and products), Facilities, and Equipment. EuroCRIS is established to address issues of current research information systems (CRIS) worldwide, but with emphasis on Europe. CRIS may be organized thematically or along the lines of scientific disciplines. Issues are, but not limited to: databases global, thematical and according to type of information (expertise, projects, institution, facilities and products - including publications); standards and guidelines; best practice; data access and exchange mechanisms; and to address other data standardization issues within the realm of research, training and development (RTD, R&D), in a timely and efficient manner. The primary goals of euroCRIS are to act as a single forum for all interested individuals and organizations to enter into dialog and resolution of all matters related to the use of information technology in the conduct of all research information system business. euroCRIS supports standardized, streamlined information exchange across all aspects of the CRIS lifecycle. (Excerpt from Wikipedia article: EuroCRIS)

The Digital Repository Federation (DRF) is a federation for the universities and research institutions that have set up institutional repositories (IRs) in Japan. It was established by Hokkaido University, Chiba University and Kanazawa University in 2006 as part of the Cyber Science Infrastructure Program (CSI) of the National Institute of Informatics (NII). It became an independent organization based on self-sustaining operation in 2010, and is currently made up of 144 universities and research institutions (as of June 5, 2012). It is a loose-knit coalition that does not have a strict membership system. (Excerpt from this source)