Answers to frequently asked questions

Most articles on this site are published under copyright as explained in our general statement of access terms and copyright information.

Metadata related to automated tagging of article content is not subject to copyright, however, and tag metadata is freely available for re-use in several downloadable formats.

You can find confirmation of applicable copyright for content near the end of each article.

In cases where articles are published under Creative Commons licence, explanations are provided on relevant article pages.

Please note that some images on this site are subject to separate copyright and used under license from image providers; in such cases, we provide information about the licensing image provider in the 'alt' and 'title' tags of relevant images.

On this site you can find articles published in Ariadne since 1996, categorised into types of articles described below.  

Over the years, editors have commissioned different types of content as the scope of publication evolved.  In earlier issues some article types are more prevalent than in later years, and some article types are reduced or discontinued in later issues.

By following links in the left column below, you can see all articles in each category.

Authors contributing to Ariadne work in many domains, as summarised below in our table displaying numbers of author profiles registered with specified domain affiliations.

By selecting links in the names of domains, you can see overviews of authors by domain affiliations and review further information about work locations and interests.

See our overview of locations and domain affiliations for more detailed information about author backgrounds.

Note: In early years of publication, some information about contributors was not specified so their backgrounds cannot be displayed in this overview. As contributors often work in multiple domains, the sum of percentages in this table amounts to more than 100.

We provide contextual guidance on site content and features, which you can access via expandable tabs on many overview pages across this site.

You can use this procedure to access contextual guidance:

• click to expand the 'Questions? click here to display or hide explanations ...' section
   
• read explanations and tips
   
• when finished, click again (or re-load the page) to collapse explanations and return to an unobstructed view of content

RSS feeds provide continously updated overviews of all content related to specified tags.

As illustrated in the example below (showing the RSS feed of 'uima' tag), feeds related to specific tags include:

• titles and publication details of articles related to a tag
• brief summaries of articles related to a tag
• 'Read more ...' links to full text of a relevant article

By subscribing to RSS feeds, you can keep yourself informed as new articles are added to this site.

Tables of contents are generated automatically based on section headings of articles.

You can use each table of contents to:

• scan main headings of articles
• quickly navigate to sections of interest, by following links within table of contents headings

As illustrated below, 'hide' links can help you collapse table of contents blocks if you prefer to read without using indexed navigation.

Once hidden, table of contents blocks can easily be displayed again via toggled 'show' link.

Our 'Gallery' provides an overview of selected, featured images from articles.  

As illustrated below, each gallery item highlights:

• featured image from article
• brief summary of article content
• 'Read more ...' links to access full text of article (note that images also link to full article text)

You can narrow the focus to images from specific types of articles or issue numbers by using 'Filter by article type' and 'Filter by issue number' options.  

For example, you can use these filters to

• show all featured images from reviews (see example)
• show all featured images from issue 67 (see example)
• show all featured images from reviews in issue 67 (see example)

As we do not set up featured images for all articles, 'Gallery' images do not preview all articles on this site.  Images are selected from articles published since 2003, so older articles are not previewed here.

We provide a range of filter options on tag overview pages to help you narrow your focus to specific topics of interest.

As illustrated below, to reveal filter options on tag overview pages you can select 'Filters available' tab link.

You can hide filter options by selecting again 'Filters available' tab link.

Filters on tag overview pages are designed to reduce the number of articles displayed and narrow the focus to content matching your specific interests.

As illustrated below (in example of 'feature article' filter activated on content tagged with 'open access'), activated filters can result in:

• actual number of articles displayed in a tag overview (in example screenshot: 90)
  being less than
• total articles associated with a specified tag (in example screenshot: 193)

Whenever this actual number of article displayed is less than total articles tagged, you should keep in mind that you are viewing a sub-set of content available.

As described in our FAQ explaining how to re-set filters, it's easy to remove filters so that you can review all content associated with a tag.

'Filter by term' can help you narrow the focus to one or more specific terms of interest.  

Simply follow this procedure:

• specify in the 'Filter by term' field your term(s) of interest
• select 'Apply' to check for articles tagged with your filter term 

See our FAQ explaining how to find related sets of tags for more tips about using this 'Filter by term' option.

'Filter by article type' lets you zoom in on content when you are looking for a specific type of article.  Here is a list of article types available, with links to overviews of all articles within each category:

• feature article
• event report
• review
• news and events
• regular column (2005 and earlier)
• project update (1998 and earlier)
• tooled up (2006 and earlier)
• odds and end (2002 and earlier)
• editorial

As illustrated below, you can use a 'Filter by article type' option in tag overview pages to narrow down a list of articles related to a tag. Using this filter in effect provides a double filtering: showing articles of a specified type that have been associated with a given tag.

When you use the 'Filter by article type' field to specify your preference, as you start typing the field automatically tries to show you available article types. You can then select 'Apply' to see an overview including only content of your preferred article type.  

In some cases you may find it useful to apply combinations of filters specifying keyword, organisation, project, author, and issue number options.  Each of these options, as well as some filter combination examples, are explained in FAQs that follow.

'Filter by organisation' helps you discover content related to a specific organisation of interest.

By using a 'Filter by organisation' field (near top of overview pages), you can narrow down a list of articles related to a tag. Using this filter in effect provides a layered filtering: showing tagged content related to a specified organisation tag.

Specify in the 'Filter by organisation' field your term of interest (as you start typing, the field automatically tries to show you relevant tags) and then select 'Apply' to check for content tagged with your filter term.

As illustrated below, in some cases you may wish to combine filters. If you would like to find every 'event report' mentioning 'dublin core' as well as the organisation 'cetis', for example, then you could activate three filters specifying article type, keyword, and organisation as in the example below.

'Filter by author' helps you discover content related to a specific author of interest.

By using a 'Filter by author' field (near top of overview pages), you can narrow down a list of articles related to a tag. Using this filter in effect provides a layered filtering: showing tagged content related to a specified author tag.

Specify in the 'Filter by author' field your person of interest (as you start typing, the field automatically tries to show you relevant tags) and then select 'Apply' to check for content tagged with your specified author.

As illustrated below, in some cases you may wish to combine filters. If you would like to find every article mentioning 'metadata' by the author 'paul walk', for example, then you could activate two filters specifying keyword and author tags as in the example below.

'Filter by city or town' can help you discover articles by authors based in specific locations.

By using this option (in the 'Filters available' tab of author overview pages), you can narrow down a list of authors to focus on those associated with cities and towns of interest. 

Follow this procedure to activate this filter:

• Specify in the 'Filter by city or town' field your place of interest (as you start typing, the field automatically tries to show you relevant tags)
   
• Select 'Apply' to check for content tagged with your specified location.

'Filter by domain' can help you discover articles by authors working in specified professional domains.

By using this option (in the 'Filters available' tab of author overview pages), you can narrow down a list of authors to focus on those associated with domains of interest. 

Follow this procedure to activate this filter:

• Specify in the 'Filter by domain' field your place of interest (as you start typing, the field automatically tries to show you relevant tags)
   
• Select 'Apply' to check for content tagged with your specified location.

Timeline charts on this site display two sets of data over time: numbers of articles published and total usage of a term.

For instance, our automated tagging system produces a timeline chart for 'rdf' that shows 6 articles mentioning 'rdf' were published in October 2008, with total of 21 references to 'rdf' across those articles.  For that specified date, the green trend line showing number of articles is therefore set at 6 and the blue trend line monitoring total usage of term is set at 21.  

You can hide or show trend lines by selecting labels near top of a timeline chart:

• click once to hide 'Total usage' trend lines
• click again to display 'Total usage' trend lines

As timeline charts show peaks and troughs over time surveyed, these patterns can be interpreted as general trends in usage across all sources monitored.

'Top authors' and 'top terms' charts on this site monitor people and topics most frequently associated with tags. 

In each case, these 'stacked column' charts display extents of discussion:

• green indicates numbers of articles tagged
• blue indicates total usage of a specified term

As illustrated below, our automated tagging system produces a top authors chart for 'rdf':

• green portions of columns show numbers of articles referring to 'rdf'
• blue portions of columns indicate total usage of 'rdf'

The default view of each chart shows an overall comparison of articles and total usage.  To focus on either data set, you can select interactive labels atop each chart:

• by de-selecting the 'articles' label, you can hide 'articles' data and focus on total usage
• by de-selecting the 'total usage' label, you can hide 'total usage' data and focus on total numbers of articles

Labels the base of each column (circles in the screenshot below) are interactive hyperlinks, which can bring you directly to related data charts.  By following these links, you can navigate from chart to chart discovering related sequences of data visualisations.

Whether charts are monitoring 'top authors' associated with a tag, or 'top terms' associated with an author, these charts show relative intensities of engagement across all sources monitored.  Links in labels can help you identify authors most relevant to a tag and then see how authors engage with a range of topics related to tags of interest.

Yes, we are continuously expanding and refining the automated tagging system used on this site.  

Our tagging system readily accommodates the listing of new target terms, management of synonyms, and specification of canonical terms.

If you are interested in a term not currently in our list of all tags tracked on this website, let us know.

By using the option in our feedback form to suggest additional keywords you would like us to consider monitoring, you can help us tune our automated tagging system to the evolving interests of readers.

Among the statistics provided by our site is the number of items related to a tag.  

As illustrated below, near the top of each overview page you can see the total of items tagged.  

Even if the overview runs over several pages, this total accounts for all items in the overview.

Whenever you use  'Filter by ...' options in overview pages, totals of items change accordingly.

Each total number of tags displayed takes into account filters that have been applied to an overview.

Depending upon the content of each article, a range of tags are displayed in the right column of each article page.  

You can use these tags to find all related content:

• Issue number tag links to overview of all content within a specified issue
• Article type tags link to overviews of all articles of a specified type
• Author tags link to overviews of all content by a specified author
• Organisation tags link to overviews of all content mentioning a specified organisation
• Project tags link to overviews of all content referring to a specified project
• Buzz tags links to overviews of all content related to a specified term

As explained in 'Questions about filtering', when following links to tag overviews you will find several options to filter results and narrow your focus to specific items of interest.

The 'recency score' of a tag on this site is calculated as the percentage of articles published in the last 52 weeks tagged with a specified term.

On this basis, recency scores range from 100 to 0:

• 100 indicates that all references to a specified term occur within the most recent year
• scores between 99 and 1 indicate relative proportions of references to a specified term occurring within the most recent year
• 0 indicates that no references to a specified term occur within the most recent year

As such, recency score highlights emerging terms in discussion and it provide one of two key measures contributing to trending factor.

Note: 'bands of recency' charts provide more statistics on time-bands associated with a specific term. You can find 'bands of recency' statistics by following chart links  in overviews of keywords, organisations, and projects.

The 'recent frequent usage' of a tag on this site is calculated as the number of articles published in the last 52 weeks tagged with a specified term.

On this basis, recency frequent usage ranges from 0 upwards :

• 0 indicates that no references to a specified term occur within the most recent year
• higher numbers indicate total references to a specified term occurring within the most recent year

As such, recent frequent usage measures extent of topical discussion and it provides one of two key measures contributing to trending factor.

Note: 'bands of recency' charts provide more statistics on time-bands associated with a specific term. You can find 'bands of recency' statistics by following chart links  in overviews of keywords, organisations, and projects.

The 'trending factor' of a tag on this site is calculated as recency score (RS) multiplied by recent frequent usage (RFU).

As such, trending factor indicates which emerging terms are discussed most intensely in articles within Ariadne.

Note: 'bands of recency' charts provide more statistics on time-bands associated with a specific term. You can find 'bands of recency' statistics by following chart links  in overviews of keywords, organisations, and projects.