Web Magazine for Information Professionals

Web Watch: An Accessibility Analysis of UK University Entry Points

Brian Kelly reports on the accessibility of entry points of UK University Web sites.

The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (SENDA) came into effect on 1 st September 2002. The Act removes the previous exemption of education from the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), ensuring that discrimination against disabled students will be unlawful. Institutions will incur additional responsibilities in 2003, with the final sections of legislation coming into effect in 2005 [1].

The implications of the Act will be of much interest to institutional Web managers who will be concerned that inaccessible Web pages will render their institution liable to claims from disabled students who are unable to access resources due to accessibility barriers.

Although the SENDA legislation covers much more than Web resources, Web developers are fortunate that the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has, for several years, been active in addressing the accessibility of Web resources through the work of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) [2]. Work carried out by the WAI includes the development of a set of guidelines for authors of Web pages. A number of organisations have developed tools which with help with the analysis of the accessibility of Web pages, based on the WAI guidelines.

In this WebWatch survey the Bobby accessibility checker [3] is used to report on the accessibility of the entry points to UK University Web sites.

About The Survey

The survey was carried out using the Web-based Bobby tool to analyse the accessibility of entry points of UK University Web sites. The results of the survey were recorded, including information on compliance with Bobby's A and AA guidelines and the numbers of Priority 1 (P1) and Priority 2 (P2) errors.

It should be noted that Bobby is only one of a range of accessibility testing tools. Bobby is used in this survey as it is probably the most well-known. A list of other accessibility testing tools is available on the W3C WAI Web site [4].

The Findings

Only four entry points appeared to provide AA compliance by having no Priority 1 or Priority 2 errors. These were the University of Bristol, the University of East London, the University of Sheffield and Writtle College.

Although the number of entry points which provide AA compliance is disappointing it is pleasing to note that seventy entry points appeared to provide A compliance by having no Priority 1 errors.

Discussion

Methodology

This survey addressed only accessibility aspects which could be detected by use of software. A more thorough accessibility audit would require use of manual testing. However this would be time-consuming to carry out.

However it can be said that although the survey could class pages as accessible which manual testing could prove to be inaccessible, the main conclusion of the survey is that the vast majority of pages have been found to be inaccessible to some extent.

It should be noted that a number of entry points contained frames or redirects to other pages. In a number of cases this meant that further analysis would be required in order to measure the accessibility of the page. Where redirects were implemented, the accessibility of the destination of the redirect was analysed. However in this survey elements of framed pages were not analysed.

Main Findings

A number of errors were caused by missing ALT attributes in IMG tags. The use of ALT attributes is important for access by users with speaking browsers or with images switched off (which may be the case for Web sites stored on devices with limited memory capacity, such as PDAs. As can be seen from Figure 1, the use of meaningful ALT attributes can allow a Web site to be used effectively (note click on the image to see a larger version).

-
Figure 1: University of Bristol Entry Point With And Without Images

For some of the errors reported by Bobby it may be more difficult to understand the accessibility problems. In order to highlight a number of accessibility problems which Bobby can find, we will review the errors found on entry points with only a few errors, as listed in the following table.

Table 1: Entry Points With Fewest Accessibility Errors
 InstitutionAA Compliant?P1 ErrorsP2 ErrorsCommentsTry It
19BristolY00AA approvedCheck
41University of East LondonY00AA ApprovedCheck
133SheffieldY00AA ApprovedCheck
160WrittleY00AA ApprovedCheck
25University of Wales Institute, CardiffN01 - 1 instance"Missing DOCTYPE"Check
27University of Central LancashireN02 - 1 instance and 1 instance"Missing DOCTYPE" and "Use of absolute positioning"Check
81London School of EconomicsN01 - 4 instances"Use of absolute positioning"Check
92Newman CollegeN01 - 72 instances"Use of absolute positioning"Check
97Northern School of Contemporary DanceN01 - 1 instances"Missing DOCTYPE"Check
103OxfordN01 - 4 instances"Use of absolute positioning"Check
125College of St Mark and St JohnN01 - 12 instances"Use of absolute positioning"Check
134South Bank UniversityN01 - 53 instances"Use of absolute positioning"Check
162YorkN01 - 1 instance"Use of absolute positioning"Check

Although it appeared that Writtle College had no P1 or P2 errors subsequent analysis revealed that the HTML tages were generated by JavaScript. Since the Bobby tool does not process JavaScript, its findings were based on the page containing the JavaScript source code and not the output of the JavaScript.

The findings for the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff (UWIC) reported a single occurrence of one P2 error:

Use a public text identifier in a DOCTYPE statement

This error indicates that the document does not contains a DOCTYPE at the start of the document of the form:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

The DOCTYPE is needed in order for the document to comply with HTML standards. If a document does not comply with HTML standards, although it may look fine in most browsers it may be difficult for conversion tools to convert the document to alternative formats, including accessible formats for use by specialist devices.

The findings for the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff (UWIC) also illustrate a failing of automated tools. Although this would appear to have a high degree of accessibility, manual analysis reveals that the page contains a single image. This page is, to a certain extent, inaccessible. Although the page contains textual information requesting users to click for the next screen the quotation from the Sunday Times and the Award For Excellence are not available to users with text browsers.

The findings for the University of Central Lancashire reported two P2 errors: the missing DOCTYPE, as discussed above, and the need to:

Use relative sizing and positioning (% values) rather than absolute (pixels).

Absolute sizes make it difficult for users to resize elements on the screen, such as the size of text.

It should be noted that the entry point for the University of Central Lancashire Web site contained an image-based interface with minimal use of ALT attribute. However the page did provide access to a text-based Web site which was generated dynamically using the Betsie software [5].

The findings for the London School of Economics also showed one P2 errors: four instances of the need to use relative sizing. No fewer than 72 instances of this error were found on the Newman College Web site.

The Northern School of Contemporary Dance appeared to be missing only the DOCTYPE statement. However the entry point in fact contains a Shockwave page and users with a Shockwave plugin cannot access the Web site.

The entry points for the remaining Web sites listed in the Table contained a small number of instances of errors which have been mentioned previously, in particular the need to use relative sizing and positioning.

From these examples it can be seen that, in a number of cases, pages which appear to have a high degree of accessibility are, in fact, inaccessible. On the other hand pages which contain certain errors, such as a missing DOCTYPE, can be made to comply with accessibility guidelines by making relatively simple changes.

Other errors, such as replacing absolute positioning by relative positioning, may be subject to more debate with Web teams. This change, for example, is likely to alter the appearance of the page. However this change will ensure greater flexibility for the page. If an institution wishes to provide maximum flexibility it will be necessary to make such a change.

Conclusions

Many institutions will be aware of the SENDA legislation and of the work of the W3C WAI. Institutions will, I am sure, wish to minimise accessibility barriers to their Web sites. However the findings of this survey of entry points for institutions, the most important page on a Web site, show that there is clearly still much work to be done.


Appendix 1: Results

A summary of the findings is given in the following table.

Table 2: Bobby Analysis Of UK University Entry Points
 InstitutionA Compliant?AA Compliant?P1 ErrorsP2 ErrorsCommentsTry It
1AberdeenNN1 - 31 instances1 - 3 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
2Abertay DundeeYN01 - 16 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
3AberystwythNN1 - 8 instances4 - 47 instances, 1 instance, 1 instance, 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
4Anglia Polytechnic UniversityNN1 - 2 instances2 - 22 instances and 14 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
5AstonNN1 - 1 instances1 - 5 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
6BangorYN01 - 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
7Bath SpaNN1 - 2 instances2 - 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
8BathYN02 - 30 instances and 5 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
9Queen's University of BelfastYN01 - 27 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
10Bell CollegeYN04 - 118 instances, 1 instance, 3 instances and 2 instancesRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
11Birkbeck CollegeNN2 - 1 instance and 10 instances4 - 27 instances, 1 instance, 1 instance and 3 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
12BirminghamYN03 - 25 instances, 1 instance and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
13Bishop Grosseteste CollegeNN2 - 2 instance and 6 instances4 - 26 instances, 1 instance, 10 instances and 1 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
14Bolton InstituteNN1 - 47 instances3 - 2 instances, 1 instance and 6 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
15Arts Institute at Bournemouth    Web site not available[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
16BournemouthNN2 - 2 instances and 41 instances5 - 45 instances, 1 instance, 2 instances, 2 instances and 4 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
17BradfordYN03 - 33 instances, 1 instance and 10 instancesRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
18BrightonNN1 - 17 instances4 - 3 instances, 1 instance, 7 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
19BristolYY00AA approved[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
20BrunelYN03 - 9 instances, 6 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
21Buckinghamshire ChilternsNN1 - 7 instances2 - 5 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
22CambridgeYN02 - 5 instances and 3 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
23Institute of Cancer ResearchYN01 - 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
24Canterbury Christ ChurchNN1 - 12 instances3 - 6 instances, 15 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
25CardiffNN1 - 49 instances3 - 9 instances, 1 instance and 9 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
25University of Wales Institute, CardiffYN01 - 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
26University of Central EnglandNN2 - 1 instance and 13 instances4 - 69 instances, 1 instance, 5 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
27University of Central LancashireYN02 - 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
28Central School of Speech and DramaYN03 - 18 instances, 1 instance and 9 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
29Chester CollegeNN1 - 7 instances2 - 58 instances and 4 instancesRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
30University College ChichesterYN03 - 26 instances, 1 instance and 3 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
31City UniversityYN03 - 26 instances, 8 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
32Courtauld Institute of ArtNN1 - 1 instances (frameset page)1 - 2 instances(frameset page)Framed site. Only master frameset file analysed[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
33CoventryNNNot analysed (framed site)Not analysed (framed site)Framed site[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
34CranfieldNN1 - 1 instance1 - 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
35Dartington CollegeNN1 - 11 instances3 - 33 instances, 1 instance and 32 instancesRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
36De MontfortNN1 - 17 instances3 - 38 instances, 29 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
37DerbyNN1 - 15 instance2 - 93 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
38DundeeYN03 - 43 instances, 10 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
39DurhamYN01 - 30 instances [A - Check]
\n[AA - Check]
40East AngliaYN01 - 66 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
41University of East LondonYY00AA Approved[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
42Edge Hill CollegeNN1 - 3 instances3 - 23 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
43Edinburgh College of ArtNN1 - 3 instances3 - 99 instances, 2 instances and 1 instanceRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
44EdinburghNN1 - 3 instances3 - 96 instances,2 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
45EssexYN03 - 15 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
46ExeterYN02 - 34 instances and 5 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
47Falmouth CollegeNN1 - 1 instance (frameset page)1 - 3 instances (frameset page)Redirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
48GlamorganNN1 - 22 instances5 - 66 instances, 1 instance, 15 instances, 1 instance and 6 instancesRedirect[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
49Glasgow CaledonianYN01 - 4 instancesAnalyses page for selection of Flash screen, ...[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
50Glasgow School of ArtNN1 - 2 instances2 - 1 instance and 1 instanceSplash screen with redirects after short period[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
51GlasgowYN02 - 55 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
52GloucestershireYN01 - 40 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
53Goldsmiths CollegeNN2 - 1 instance and 33 instances4 - 30 instances, 1 instance, 1 instance and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
54GreenwichYN01 - 90 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
55Harper AdamsNN1 - 4 instances4 - 18 instances, 1 instance, 17 instances and 1 instanceRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
56Heriot-WattNN1 - 54 instances4 - 33 instances, 1 instance, 23 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
57HertfordshireY (Frameset page)N01 - 1 instanceFramed site[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
58HuddersfieldNN1 - 25 instances3 - 26 instances, 1 instance and 5 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
59HullNN1 - 1 instance5 - 2 instance, 1 instance, 1 instance, 1 instance and 1 instanceRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
60Imperial CollegeNN1 - 14 instances3 - 52 instances, 3 instances and 1 instanceRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
61Institute of EducationNN2 - 1 instance and 22 instances4 - 115 instances, 1 instance, 14 instances and 1 instanceRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
62KeeleYN04 - 5 instances, 1 instance, 13 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
63Kent Institute of Art and DesignNN1 - 27 instances3 - 36 instances, 1 instance and 3 instancesRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
64KentYN02 - 7 instances and 3 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
65King Alfred's CollegeNN1 - 4 instances (frameset page)0 (frameset page)Framed site. Only master frameset file analysed.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
66King's College LondonNN1 - 34 instances3 - 41 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
67KingstonYN04 - 78 instances, 1 instance, 6 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
68LampeterNN1 - 3 instances3 - 14 instances, 1 instance and 8 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
69LancasterYN04 - 15 instances, 1 instance, 10 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
70Leeds Metropolitan UniversityNN1 - 3 instances2 - 12 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
71LeedsYN02 - 38 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
72LeicesterYN03 - 4 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
73LincolnNN1 - 3 instances4 - 6 instances, 1 instance, 2 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
74Liverpool HopeNN2 - 9 instances and 11 instances3 - 89 instances, 1 instance and 5 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
75Liverpool John Moores UniversityYN04 - 194 instances, 1 instance, 5 instances and 1 instanceRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
76LiverpoolYN02 - 37 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
77London Business SchoolYN03 - 24 instances, 1 instance and 13 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
78London Guildhall UniversityNN1 - 5 instances4 - 38 instances, 1 instance, 12 instances and 2 instancesSplash screen then redirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
79London InstituteNN1 - 3 instances4 - 4 instances, 1 instance, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
80University of LondonNN1 - 6 instances1 - 4 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
81London School of EconomicsYN01 - 4 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
82London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineYN03 - 5 instances, 7 instances and 6 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
83LoughboroughNN2 - 1 instance and 7 instances2 - 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
84LutonNN1 - 2 instances (frameset page)0 (framed page)Framed site. Only master frameset file analysed.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
85UMISTYN02 - 15 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
86Manchester Metropolitan UniversityYN03 - 25 instances, 1 instance and 9 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
87ManchesterNN1 - 15 instances3 - 203 instances, 1 instance and 6 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
88University of Wales College of MedicineNN1 - 22 instances2 - 52 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
89MiddlesexYN03 - 68 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
90NapierNN1 - 67 instances3 - 70 instances, 1 instances and 22 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
91NewcastleYN04 - 31 instances, 1 instance, 3 instances and 4 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
92Newman CollegeYN01 - 72 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
93NewportNN1 - 48 instances4 - 14 instances, 1 instance, 4 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
94North-East Wales Institute of Higher EducationNN1 - 10 instances3 - 34 instances, 25 instances and 11 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
95University of North LondonNN1 - 86 instances5 - 171 instances, 1 instance, 48 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
96University College NorthamptonY (Frameset page)Y (Frameset page)0 (frameset page only analysed)0 (framed page only analysed) [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
97Northern School of Contemporary DanceYN01 - 1 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
98University of NorthumbriaYN03 - 44 instances, 1 instance and 20 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
99Norwich School of Art and DesignNN1 - 3 instances (frameset page)1 - 1 instance (frameset page)Framed site. Only master frameset file analysed.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
100Nottingham Trent UniversityNN2 - 1 instance and 20 instances3 - 51 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
101NottinghamYN03 - 28 instances, 1 instance and 15 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
102Oxford BrookesYN03 - 5 instances, 5 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
103OxfordYN01 - 4 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
104PaisleyNN2 - 10 instances and 4 instances3 - 32 instances, 1 instance and 8 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
105PlymouthNN02 - 33 instances and 18 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
106PortsmouthNN1 - 9 instances3 - 39 instances, 1 instance and 21 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
107Queen Margaret University College,NN2 - 5 instances and 2 instances3 - 30 instances, 115 instances and 5 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
108Queen Mary and Westfield CollegeNN2 - 23 instances and 2 instances4 - 79 instances, 1 instance, 12 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
109Ravensbourne CollegeNN1 - 36 instances3 - 33 instances,1 instance and 11 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
110ReadingNN1 - 8 instances2 - 49 instances and 3 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
111University of Wales, RegistryYN03 - 19 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
112Robert Gordon UniversityYN03 - 44 instances, 11 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
113University of Surrey, RoehamptonNN1 - 1 instances4 - 4 instances,1 instance, 1 instance and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
114Rose Bruford CollegeNN1 - 3 instances3 - 10 instances,1 instance and 4 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
115Royal Academy of MusicNN1 - 34 instances2 - 35 instances and 9 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
116Royal Agricultural CollegeNN2 - 2 instances2 - 9 instances and 3 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
117Royal College of ArtYN01 - 4 instancesMenu page for Flash or HTML site[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
118Royal College of MusicNN1 - 10 instances2 - 15 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
119Royal HollowayYY0 (frameset page)0 (frameset page)Framed site. Only master frameset file analysed.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
120Royal Northern College of MusicNN1 - 5 instances2 - 12 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
121Royal Scottish Academy of Music and DramaNN1 - 5 instances2 - 1 instance and 1 instanceRedirected page. Redirect page uses frames. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
122Royal Veterinary CollegeNN1 - 1 instances6 - 28 instances, 3 instances, 1 instance, 7 instances, 2 instances and 3 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
123St AndrewsNN1 - 1 instances4 - 31 instances,1 instance, 12 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
124St George's Hospital Medical SchoolNN1- 30 instances6 - 1 instances, 7 instances, 1 instance, 9 instances, 1 instance and 6 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
125College of St Mark and St JohnYN01 - 12 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
126St Martin's CollegeYN03 - 5 instances, 2 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
127St Mary's CollegeNN1 - 1 instances2 - 4 instances and 10 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
128SalfordYN03 - 51 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
129School of Oriental and African StudiesYN04 - 7 instances, 6 instances, 21 instances and 5 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
130School of PharmacyNN1 - 2 instances3 - 50 instances, 1 instance and 11 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
131Scottish Agricultural CollegeNN1 - 43 instances3 - 115 instances, 4 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
132Sheffield HallamNN1 - 68 instances3 - 110 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
133SheffieldYY00AA Approved[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
134South Bank UniversityYN01 - 53 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
135Southampton InstituteYN00 [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
136SouthamptonYN04 - 15 instances, 1 instance, 10 instances and 3 instancesRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
137Staffordshire N1 - 15 instances3 - 42 instances, 8 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
138StirlingNN1 - 1 instance2 - 34 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
139StrathclydeYN02 - 8 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
140SunderlandNN1 - 7 instances2 - 77 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
141Surrey Institute of Art and DesignNN1 - 22 instances2 - 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
142SurreyYN02 - 25 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
143SussexNN1 - 4 instances2 - 44 instances and 8 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
144Swansea InstituteNN1 - 20 instances4 - 36 instances, 1 instance, 5 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
145University of Wales, SwanseaNN1 - 6 instances4 - 163 instances, 1 instance, 11 instances and 12 instancesRedirect. Analysed redirected page.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
146TeessideNN1 - 49 instances2 - 24 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
147Thames Valley UniversityNN1 - 5 instances3 - 28 instances, 1 instance and 19 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
148Open UniversityNN1 - 6 instances (frameset page)1 - 1 instance (frameset page)Framed site. Only master frameset file analysed.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
149Trinity College of MusicNN1 - 5 instances (frameset page)1 - 1 instance (frameset page)Framed site. Only master frameset file analysed.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
150Trinity College, CarmarthenNN1 - 98 instances3 - 10 instances, 1 instance and 3 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
151Trinity and All Saints CollegeNN1 - 7 instances4 - 88 instances, 1 instance, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
152UlsterNN2 - 1 instance and 39 instances4 - 50 instances, 2 instances, 3 instances and 5 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
153University College LondonYN02 - 16 instances and 7 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
154WarwickYN04 - 15 instances, 1 instances, 10 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
155Royal Welsh College of Music and DramaNN2 - 1 instance and 3 instances3 - 31 instances, 1 instance and 1 [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
156University of the West of EnglandYN03 - 1 instance, 16 instances and 2 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
157WestminsterNN1 - 7 instances4 - 101 instances, 1 instance, 2 instances and 5 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
158WolverhamptonNN1 - 3 instances3 - 10 instances, 1 instance and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
159University College WorcesterNN1 - 4 instances2 - 5 instances and 1 instances [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
160Writtle CollegeYY00Page created using JavaScript.[A - Check]
[AA - Check]
161York St John CollegeYN02 - 14 instances and 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]
162YorkY 01 - 1 instance [A - Check]
[AA - Check]

The information in the table was initially collected on 7th August 2002. On this date the AA compliance data was obtained. The survey was repeated on 2nd September 2002, when A compliance data was obtained.

Note that a number of the entry points were found to contain a redirect. In cases in which the address of the redirected page was displayed in the browser the new location was analysed by Bobby.

References

  1. The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act, Sophie Corlett, Skill
    http://www.techdis.ac.uk/resources/skill01.html
  2. Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI), W3C
    http://www.w3c.org/WAI/
  3. Bobby, Watchfire
    http://bobby.watchfire.com/
  4. Evaluation, Repair, and Transformation Tools for Web Content Accessibility, W3C
    http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/existingtools.html
  5. Betsie, BBC
    http://betsie.sourceforge.net/

Author Details

Picture of Brian Kelly Brian Kelly
UK Web Focus
UKOLN
University of Bath
Bath
BA2 7AY

Email: b.kelly@ukoln.ac.uk

Brian Kelly is UK Web Focus. He works for UKOLN, which is based at the University of Bath